Linolenic acid reduces atherosclerotic plaque

Alpha-linolenic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid found in salad dressings, flax and canola oil. A study published in the June 7 2005 issue of the journal Circulation has shown a decreased prevalence of calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries of individuals whose diets included higher amounts of alpha-linolenic acid.

Data from over 2,000 participants in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study (FHS) were included in this study. The presence and extent of coronary artery calcified atherosclerotic plaque was measured by CT scans during a 7 yr follow up.

Alpha-linolenic intake ranged from 170 milligrams to 3.48 grams per day. The researchers found an inverse association between alpha-linolenic acid consumption and the presence of calcified atherosclerotic plaque. Individuals in the highest 20 percent of alpha-linolenic acid intake experienced a 62 percent lower risk of having the plaques than those with the lowest intakes.

Researchers note that alpha-linolenic acid is a precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) which reduces inflammation by inhibiting arachidonic acid metabolism. Alpha-linolenic acid may, therefore, reduce coronary calcification risk by its anti-inflammatory properties.